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Cymbopogon refractus

(R.Br.) A.Camus (1921)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Cymbopogon

barbwire grass, manienie mahiki (Niʻihau via St. John), soap grass, wild citronella grass

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 270 (1921)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1519 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Herbst & Clayton 1998:21 (Ni, L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cymbopogon refractus Kahuku Occasional in kipuka (clear place in a lava field) under ohia lehua trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1441 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1936
2 Cymbopogon refractus puu holoholoku, near saddle rd., south kohala district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 862 Maui BISH 9/10/1981
3 Cymbopogon refractus pohaukao, along trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 11623 Hawaii US 11/22/2005
4 Cymbopogon refractus keamoku, s. kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN shipman, h.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1929
5 Cymbopogon refractus kau district; makapu, along mamalahoa highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5523 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1975
6 Cymbopogon refractus Kiekie, 0.5 mi NE Pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22794 Niihau BISH 8/14/1947
7 Cymbopogon refractus Hanapepe Valley Escaped along dry rocky slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12669 Kauai BISH 12/29/1939
8 Cymbopogon refractus koloa district, national tropical botanical garden in lawa`i valley, along e side of papalina road n of headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 7809 Kauai US 9/8/1996
9 Cymbopogon refractus wailaulau, pahini planeze PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 240 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
10 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, near Makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ambrose, N.F. s.n. Maui BISH 11/7/1931
11 Cymbopogon refractus east maui, near makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ambrose, n.f. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 11/7/1931
12 Cymbopogon refractus kainalu, monroe ranch In open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN whitney, l.d. collector number: 445 Molokai BISH 9/4/1936
13 Cymbopogon refractus kahuku Occasional in kipuka (clear place in a lava field) under ohia lehua trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1441 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1936
14 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
15 Cymbopogon refractus puhielelu ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. wood, k.r. collector number: h80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
16 Cymbopogon refractus National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley; leased pastureland along east side of Papalina road above (north of) headquarters. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7809 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1996
17 Cymbopogon refractus puu hinai, parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 233 Oahu BISH 1/12/1932
18 Cymbopogon refractus Keamoku, S. Kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Shipman, H.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1929
19 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, Makawao District, 3km SSE of junctin of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd. at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. Collector Number: 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
20 Cymbopogon refractus south kohala; hawaii belt road (mamalahoa highway) ca. 8 miles from waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1287 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
21 Cymbopogon refractus puu manu with Hyparrhenia hirta, Eucalyptus, Grevillea robusta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3716 Lanai BISH 11/8/1987
22 Cymbopogon refractus Kainalu, Monroe Ranch In open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Whitney, L.D. 445 Molokai BISH 9/4/1936
23 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Hinai, Parker Ranch Perennial bunchgrass in dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 233 Hawaii BISH 1/12/1932
24 Cymbopogon refractus Kau District; Makapu, along Mamalahoa Highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5523 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1975
25 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Manu with Hyparrhenia hirta, Eucalyptus, Grevillea robusta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3716 Lanai BISH 11/8/1987
26 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, Makawao District, 3km SSE of junctin of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd. at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
27 Cymbopogon refractus Kiekie, 0.5 mi. NE Pasture grass PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 22794 Niihau BISH Specimen 8/14/1947
28 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Puttock, C.; Kahihikolo, S. Collector Number: 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
29 Cymbopogon refractus South Kohala; Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway) ca. 8 miles from Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1287 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
30 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3899 Lanai HAPI 2/5/1999
31 Cymbopogon refractus South Kona District; land of Kapua, near Kaulanamauna flow Clumping, occasional in Schinus-Panicum maximum scrubland with remnant Diospyros & Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2773 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
32 Cymbopogon refractus Wailaulau, Pahini planeze PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 240 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
33 Cymbopogon refractus waiapaa gulch, se of lanai city, leeward side of lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. puttock, c.; kahihikolo, s. collector number: 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
34 Cymbopogon refractus pohaukao, along trail Secondary vegetation. W/ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Lantana camara PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 11623 Kauai BISH 11/22/2005
35 Cymbopogon refractus puu hinai, parker ranch Perennial bunchgrass in dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 233 Hawaii BISH 1/12/1932
36 Cymbopogon refractus Parker Ranch, SSE of Keamuka Camp, ca. 0.5 mile W of Puu Heewai Along road in deep soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4730 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1982
37 Cymbopogon refractus parker ranch, sse of keamuka camp, ca. 0.5 mile w of puu heewai Along road in deep soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. warshauer, f.r.; gagne, w. collector number: 4730 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1982
38 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 7809 Lanai HAPI 9/8/1996
39 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Holoholoku, near Saddle Rd., South Kohala District Growing in Dodonaea-Pennisetum setaceum scrub grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 862 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1981
40 Cymbopogon refractus Waiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/19/1936
41 Cymbopogon refractus South Kona Occasional in dry grassland vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7133C Hawaii BISH 4/9/1987
42 Cymbopogon refractus Pohaukao, along trail Secondary vegetation. W/ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Lantana camara PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 11623 Kauai BISH 11/22/2005
43 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Holoholoku, near Saddle Rd., South Kohala District Growing in Dodonaea-Pennisetum setaceum scrub grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 862 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1981
44 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
45 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Wood, K.R. Collector Number: H80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
46 Cymbopogon refractus south kona district; land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow Clumping, occasional in Schinus-Panicum maximum scrubland with remnant Diospyros & Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2773 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
47 Cymbopogon refractus east maui, makawao district, 3km sse of junctin of haleakala hwy & hanamu rd. at kaluapulani gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN annable, c.r. collector number: 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
48 Cymbopogon refractus hanapepe valley Escaped along dry rocky slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. ordonez, e. collector number: 12669 Kauai BISH 12/29/1939
49 Cymbopogon refractus south kona forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. kjargaard, m. collector number: 7133c Kauai BISH 4/9/1987
50 Cymbopogon refractus Parker Ranch, Puu Hinai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. R. Ewart III 233 Hawaii PTBG 1/12/1932
51 Cymbopogon refractus kiekie, 0.5 mi. ne Pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22794 Niihau BISH 8/14/1947
52 Cymbopogon refractus waiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 9/19/1936
53 Cymbopogon refractus Maui. 3km SSE of junction of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd, at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3899 NY 2/5/1999
54 Cymbopogon refractus maui. 3km sse of junction of haleakala hwy & hanamu rd, at kaluapulani gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3899 NY 2/5/1999
55 Cymbopogon refractus Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Hwy), ca. 8.5 miles from Waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1287 Hawaii PTBG 10/16/1985
56 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge. On dry,open ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80624 Lanai PTBG 8/16/2006
57 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, southeast of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope. On steep, dry gulch slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clyde Imada 2002-47 Lanai PTBG 8/13/2002
58 Cymbopogon refractus Puniuohua. In pastures. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80606 Molokai PTBG 8/10/2006
59 Cymbopogon refractus E. Maui, pasture between Kailua and Kahakapao gulches. Sparingly naturalized in pasture, ungrazed by cattle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80801 Maui PTBG 8/1/2008
60 Cymbopogon refractus Pohaukao, along trail. Secondary vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 11623 Kauai PTBG 11/22/2005
61 Cymbopogon refractus south kona district, land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow. Scrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2773 Hawaii US 1/7/1984
62 Cymbopogon refractus Koloa District, National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawa`i Valley, along E side of Papalina Road N of headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 7809 Kauai US 9/8/1996
63 Cymbopogon refractus parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. ripperton 3 Oahu US 1/8/1932
64 Cymbopogon refractus keamuku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. shipman s.n. Hawaii US
65 Cymbopogon refractus kau district, makakupu, along mamalahoa hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5523 Hawaii US 10/21/1975
66 Cymbopogon refractus Kahuku Occasional in kipuka (clear place in a lava field) under ohia lehua trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1441 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1936
67 Cymbopogon refractus puu holoholoku, near saddle rd., south kohala district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 862 Maui BISH 9/10/1981
68 Cymbopogon refractus pohaukao, along trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 11623 Hawaii US 11/22/2005
69 Cymbopogon refractus keamoku, s. kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN shipman, h.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1929
70 Cymbopogon refractus kau district; makapu, along mamalahoa highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5523 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1975
71 Cymbopogon refractus Kiekie, 0.5 mi NE Pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22794 Niihau BISH 8/14/1947
72 Cymbopogon refractus Hanapepe Valley Escaped along dry rocky slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12669 Kauai BISH 12/29/1939
73 Cymbopogon refractus koloa district, national tropical botanical garden in lawa`i valley, along e side of papalina road n of headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 7809 Kauai US 9/8/1996
74 Cymbopogon refractus wailaulau, pahini planeze PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 240 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
75 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, near Makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ambrose, N.F. s.n. Maui BISH 11/7/1931
76 Cymbopogon refractus east maui, near makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ambrose, n.f. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 11/7/1931
77 Cymbopogon refractus kainalu, monroe ranch In open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN whitney, l.d. collector number: 445 Molokai BISH 9/4/1936
78 Cymbopogon refractus kahuku Occasional in kipuka (clear place in a lava field) under ohia lehua trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1441 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1936
79 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
80 Cymbopogon refractus puhielelu ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. wood, k.r. collector number: h80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
81 Cymbopogon refractus National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley; leased pastureland along east side of Papalina road above (north of) headquarters. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7809 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1996
82 Cymbopogon refractus puu hinai, parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 233 Oahu BISH 1/12/1932
83 Cymbopogon refractus Keamoku, S. Kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Shipman, H.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1929
84 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, Makawao District, 3km SSE of junctin of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd. at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. Collector Number: 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
85 Cymbopogon refractus south kohala; hawaii belt road (mamalahoa highway) ca. 8 miles from waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1287 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
86 Cymbopogon refractus puu manu with Hyparrhenia hirta, Eucalyptus, Grevillea robusta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3716 Lanai BISH 11/8/1987
87 Cymbopogon refractus Kainalu, Monroe Ranch In open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Whitney, L.D. 445 Molokai BISH 9/4/1936
88 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Hinai, Parker Ranch Perennial bunchgrass in dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 233 Hawaii BISH 1/12/1932
89 Cymbopogon refractus Kau District; Makapu, along Mamalahoa Highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5523 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1975
90 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Manu with Hyparrhenia hirta, Eucalyptus, Grevillea robusta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3716 Lanai BISH 11/8/1987
91 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, Makawao District, 3km SSE of junctin of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd. at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
92 Cymbopogon refractus Kiekie, 0.5 mi. NE Pasture grass PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 22794 Niihau BISH Specimen 8/14/1947
93 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Puttock, C.; Kahihikolo, S. Collector Number: 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
94 Cymbopogon refractus South Kohala; Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway) ca. 8 miles from Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1287 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
95 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3899 Lanai HAPI 2/5/1999
96 Cymbopogon refractus South Kona District; land of Kapua, near Kaulanamauna flow Clumping, occasional in Schinus-Panicum maximum scrubland with remnant Diospyros & Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2773 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
97 Cymbopogon refractus Wailaulau, Pahini planeze PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 240 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
98 Cymbopogon refractus waiapaa gulch, se of lanai city, leeward side of lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. puttock, c.; kahihikolo, s. collector number: 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
99 Cymbopogon refractus pohaukao, along trail Secondary vegetation. W/ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Lantana camara PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 11623 Kauai BISH 11/22/2005
100 Cymbopogon refractus puu hinai, parker ranch Perennial bunchgrass in dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 233 Hawaii BISH 1/12/1932
101 Cymbopogon refractus Parker Ranch, SSE of Keamuka Camp, ca. 0.5 mile W of Puu Heewai Along road in deep soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4730 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1982
102 Cymbopogon refractus parker ranch, sse of keamuka camp, ca. 0.5 mile w of puu heewai Along road in deep soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. warshauer, f.r.; gagne, w. collector number: 4730 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1982
103 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 7809 Lanai HAPI 9/8/1996
104 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Holoholoku, near Saddle Rd., South Kohala District Growing in Dodonaea-Pennisetum setaceum scrub grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 862 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1981
105 Cymbopogon refractus Waiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/19/1936
106 Cymbopogon refractus South Kona Occasional in dry grassland vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7133C Hawaii BISH 4/9/1987
107 Cymbopogon refractus Pohaukao, along trail Secondary vegetation. W/ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Lantana camara PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 11623 Kauai BISH 11/22/2005
108 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Holoholoku, near Saddle Rd., South Kohala District Growing in Dodonaea-Pennisetum setaceum scrub grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 862 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1981
109 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
110 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Wood, K.R. Collector Number: H80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
111 Cymbopogon refractus south kona district; land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow Clumping, occasional in Schinus-Panicum maximum scrubland with remnant Diospyros & Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2773 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
112 Cymbopogon refractus east maui, makawao district, 3km sse of junctin of haleakala hwy & hanamu rd. at kaluapulani gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN annable, c.r. collector number: 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
113 Cymbopogon refractus hanapepe valley Escaped along dry rocky slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. ordonez, e. collector number: 12669 Kauai BISH 12/29/1939
114 Cymbopogon refractus south kona forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. kjargaard, m. collector number: 7133c Kauai BISH 4/9/1987
115 Cymbopogon refractus Parker Ranch, Puu Hinai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. R. Ewart III 233 Hawaii PTBG 1/12/1932
116 Cymbopogon refractus kiekie, 0.5 mi. ne Pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22794 Niihau BISH 8/14/1947
117 Cymbopogon refractus waiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 9/19/1936
118 Cymbopogon refractus Maui. 3km SSE of junction of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd, at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3899 NY 2/5/1999
119 Cymbopogon refractus maui. 3km sse of junction of haleakala hwy & hanamu rd, at kaluapulani gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3899 NY 2/5/1999
120 Cymbopogon refractus Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Hwy), ca. 8.5 miles from Waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1287 Hawaii PTBG 10/16/1985
121 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge. On dry,open ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80624 Lanai PTBG 8/16/2006
122 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, southeast of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope. On steep, dry gulch slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clyde Imada 2002-47 Lanai PTBG 8/13/2002
123 Cymbopogon refractus Puniuohua. In pastures. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80606 Molokai PTBG 8/10/2006
124 Cymbopogon refractus E. Maui, pasture between Kailua and Kahakapao gulches. Sparingly naturalized in pasture, ungrazed by cattle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80801 Maui PTBG 8/1/2008
125 Cymbopogon refractus Pohaukao, along trail. Secondary vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 11623 Kauai PTBG 11/22/2005
126 Cymbopogon refractus south kona district, land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow. Scrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2773 Hawaii US 1/7/1984
127 Cymbopogon refractus Koloa District, National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawa`i Valley, along E side of Papalina Road N of headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 7809 Kauai US 9/8/1996
128 Cymbopogon refractus parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. ripperton 3 Oahu US 1/8/1932
129 Cymbopogon refractus keamuku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. shipman s.n. Hawaii US
130 Cymbopogon refractus kau district, makakupu, along mamalahoa hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5523 Hawaii US 10/21/1975
131 Cymbopogon refractus Kahuku Occasional in kipuka (clear place in a lava field) under ohia lehua trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1441 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1936
132 Cymbopogon refractus puu holoholoku, near saddle rd., south kohala district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 862 Maui BISH 9/10/1981
133 Cymbopogon refractus pohaukao, along trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 11623 Hawaii US 11/22/2005
134 Cymbopogon refractus keamoku, s. kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN shipman, h.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1929
135 Cymbopogon refractus kau district; makapu, along mamalahoa highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5523 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1975
136 Cymbopogon refractus Kiekie, 0.5 mi NE Pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22794 Niihau BISH 8/14/1947
137 Cymbopogon refractus Hanapepe Valley Escaped along dry rocky slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12669 Kauai BISH 12/29/1939
138 Cymbopogon refractus koloa district, national tropical botanical garden in lawa`i valley, along e side of papalina road n of headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 7809 Kauai US 9/8/1996
139 Cymbopogon refractus wailaulau, pahini planeze PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 240 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
140 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, near Makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ambrose, N.F. s.n. Maui BISH 11/7/1931
141 Cymbopogon refractus east maui, near makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ambrose, n.f. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 11/7/1931
142 Cymbopogon refractus kainalu, monroe ranch In open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN whitney, l.d. collector number: 445 Molokai BISH 9/4/1936
143 Cymbopogon refractus kahuku Occasional in kipuka (clear place in a lava field) under ohia lehua trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1441 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1936
144 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
145 Cymbopogon refractus puhielelu ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. wood, k.r. collector number: h80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
146 Cymbopogon refractus National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley; leased pastureland along east side of Papalina road above (north of) headquarters. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7809 Kauai PTBG 9/8/1996
147 Cymbopogon refractus puu hinai, parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 233 Oahu BISH 1/12/1932
148 Cymbopogon refractus Keamoku, S. Kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Shipman, H.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/1/1929
149 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, Makawao District, 3km SSE of junctin of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd. at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. Collector Number: 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
150 Cymbopogon refractus south kohala; hawaii belt road (mamalahoa highway) ca. 8 miles from waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1287 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
151 Cymbopogon refractus puu manu with Hyparrhenia hirta, Eucalyptus, Grevillea robusta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3716 Lanai BISH 11/8/1987
152 Cymbopogon refractus Kainalu, Monroe Ranch In open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Whitney, L.D. 445 Molokai BISH 9/4/1936
153 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Hinai, Parker Ranch Perennial bunchgrass in dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 233 Hawaii BISH 1/12/1932
154 Cymbopogon refractus Kau District; Makapu, along Mamalahoa Highway PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5523 Hawaii BISH 10/21/1975
155 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Manu with Hyparrhenia hirta, Eucalyptus, Grevillea robusta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3716 Lanai BISH 11/8/1987
156 Cymbopogon refractus East Maui, Makawao District, 3km SSE of junctin of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd. at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Annable, C.R. 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
157 Cymbopogon refractus Kiekie, 0.5 mi. NE Pasture grass PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 22794 Niihau BISH Specimen 8/14/1947
158 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Puttock, C.; Kahihikolo, S. Collector Number: 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
159 Cymbopogon refractus South Kohala; Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway) ca. 8 miles from Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1287 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
160 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3899 Lanai HAPI 2/5/1999
161 Cymbopogon refractus South Kona District; land of Kapua, near Kaulanamauna flow Clumping, occasional in Schinus-Panicum maximum scrubland with remnant Diospyros & Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2773 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
162 Cymbopogon refractus Wailaulau, Pahini planeze PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 240 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
163 Cymbopogon refractus waiapaa gulch, se of lanai city, leeward side of lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. puttock, c.; kahihikolo, s. collector number: 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
164 Cymbopogon refractus pohaukao, along trail Secondary vegetation. W/ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Lantana camara PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 11623 Kauai BISH 11/22/2005
165 Cymbopogon refractus puu hinai, parker ranch Perennial bunchgrass in dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 233 Hawaii BISH 1/12/1932
166 Cymbopogon refractus Parker Ranch, SSE of Keamuka Camp, ca. 0.5 mile W of Puu Heewai Along road in deep soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4730 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1982
167 Cymbopogon refractus parker ranch, sse of keamuka camp, ca. 0.5 mile w of puu heewai Along road in deep soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. warshauer, f.r.; gagne, w. collector number: 4730 Hawaii BISH 11/21/1982
168 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 7809 Lanai HAPI 9/8/1996
169 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Holoholoku, near Saddle Rd., South Kohala District Growing in Dodonaea-Pennisetum setaceum scrub grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 862 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1981
170 Cymbopogon refractus Waiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. s.n. Oahu BISH 9/19/1936
171 Cymbopogon refractus South Kona Occasional in dry grassland vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stemmermann, R.L. 7133C Hawaii BISH 4/9/1987
172 Cymbopogon refractus Pohaukao, along trail Secondary vegetation. W/ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Lantana camara PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 11623 Kauai BISH 11/22/2005
173 Cymbopogon refractus Puu Holoholoku, near Saddle Rd., South Kohala District Growing in Dodonaea-Pennisetum setaceum scrub grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 862 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1981
174 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, SE of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope Occasional bunchgrass on steep, dry gulch slopes, growing with Hyparrhenia hirta, Melinis minutiflora, Waltheria, scattered Osteomeles, in Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2002-47 Lanai BISH 8/13/2002
175 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge Common on dry, open ridge, apparently not eaten by Axis deer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Wood, K.R. Collector Number: H80624 Lanai BISH 8/16/2006
176 Cymbopogon refractus south kona district; land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow Clumping, occasional in Schinus-Panicum maximum scrubland with remnant Diospyros & Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2773 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
177 Cymbopogon refractus east maui, makawao district, 3km sse of junctin of haleakala hwy & hanamu rd. at kaluapulani gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN annable, c.r. collector number: 3899 Maui BISH 2/5/1999
178 Cymbopogon refractus hanapepe valley Escaped along dry rocky slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. ordonez, e. collector number: 12669 Kauai BISH 12/29/1939
179 Cymbopogon refractus south kona forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stemmermann, r.l. kjargaard, m. collector number: 7133c Kauai BISH 4/9/1987
180 Cymbopogon refractus Parker Ranch, Puu Hinai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. R. Ewart III 233 Hawaii PTBG 1/12/1932
181 Cymbopogon refractus kiekie, 0.5 mi. ne Pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22794 Niihau BISH 8/14/1947
182 Cymbopogon refractus waiawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 9/19/1936
183 Cymbopogon refractus Maui. 3km SSE of junction of Haleakala Hwy & Hanamu Rd, at Kaluapulani Gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3899 NY 2/5/1999
184 Cymbopogon refractus maui. 3km sse of junction of haleakala hwy & hanamu rd, at kaluapulani gulch Pasture with planted Eucalyptus grove PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3899 NY 2/5/1999
185 Cymbopogon refractus Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Hwy), ca. 8.5 miles from Waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1287 Hawaii PTBG 10/16/1985
186 Cymbopogon refractus Puhielelu Ridge. On dry,open ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80624 Lanai PTBG 8/16/2006
187 Cymbopogon refractus Waiapaa Gulch, southeast of Lanai City, leeward side of Lanaihale, west-facing slope. On steep, dry gulch slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clyde Imada 2002-47 Lanai PTBG 8/13/2002
188 Cymbopogon refractus Puniuohua. In pastures. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80606 Molokai PTBG 8/10/2006
189 Cymbopogon refractus E. Maui, pasture between Kailua and Kahakapao gulches. Sparingly naturalized in pasture, ungrazed by cattle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80801 Maui PTBG 8/1/2008
190 Cymbopogon refractus Pohaukao, along trail. Secondary vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 11623 Kauai PTBG 11/22/2005
191 Cymbopogon refractus south kona district, land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow. Scrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2773 Hawaii US 1/7/1984
192 Cymbopogon refractus Koloa District, National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawa`i Valley, along E side of Papalina Road N of headquarters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 7809 Kauai US 9/8/1996
193 Cymbopogon refractus parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. ripperton 3 Oahu US 1/8/1932
194 Cymbopogon refractus keamuku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. shipman s.n. Hawaii US
195 Cymbopogon refractus kau district, makakupu, along mamalahoa hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5523 Hawaii US 10/21/1975
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